Pakistan Rail Game
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Pakistan Railways Network PR Locale Pakistan Dates of operation 1861–present ( 5 ft 6 in) Length 7,791 kilometres (4,841 mi) (route) 11,881 kilometres (7,383 mi) (track) Pakistan Railways ( PR) (: پاکستان ریلویز) is the national, state-owned railway company of. Founded in 1861 and headquartered in, it owns 7,400 miles (11,881 km) of track across Pakistan from to and operates and passenger service. Pakistan Railways was also known as the from 1947 to 1974.
In 2014 the launched Pakistan Railways Vision 2025, which seeks to increase the company's share of the transportation sector from four to 20 percent with the ₨886.68 billion (US$8.4 billion) rail upgrade. The plan includes new, development and improvement of current rail infrastructure, an increase in average train speed, improved on-time performance and expansion of passenger service.
The first phase of the project was completed in 2017, and the second phase is scheduled for completion by 2021. Pakistan Railways is an active member of the.
Main article: In 1855, during the, several railway companies began laying track and operating in present-day Pakistan. The country's rail system was originally a patchwork of local rail lines operated by small, private companies, including the, and.
In 1870, the four companies combined to form the. Several other rail lines were soon built, including the, and. These six companies merged with the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway to form the in 1880. Between 1880 and 1947, the North Western State Railway expanded throughout and. In 1947, when Pakistan achieved from, most of the North Western State Railway infrastructure was in Pakistani territory and was renamed the.
In, the portion of the in Pakistani territory was renamed the. During the early years of independence, Pakistan's rail system was reorganised and some of the reorganisation was controversial. The country adopted 8,122 kilometres (5,047 mi) of the North Western State Railway; 6,880 kilometres (4,280 mi) was 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in), 506 kilometres (314 mi) was, and 736 kilometres (457 mi) was ( 2 ft 6 in). Rail use increased in 1948, and the network became profitable.
From 1950 to 1955 the Mashriq-Maghreb Express operated from in to in, using Indian tracks and rolling stock for a 1986-km (1245-mile) route between Attari and Benapole. In 1954, a branch line was extended from the to and. Two years later, the - metre- line was to 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in). In 1974, Pakistan Western Railways was renamed Pakistan Railways.
Pakistan Rail Gauge
The - section of the was built from 1969 to 1973, providing an alternate route from to northern Pakistan. In February 2006, the 126-kilometre (78 mi) was converted to 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in).
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On 8 January 2016, the double-rail project was completed and all narrow-gauge tracks were converted to 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in) or dismantled. Pakistan Railways has been criticized for its deteriorating service and declining number of passengers and trains. The railway was the predominant mode of transportation in Pakistan until 1965. At its peak between 1955 and 1960, PR handled 73 percent of the country's freight traffic (compared to less than four percent in 2015). During the 1970s, Pakistan Railways also had the largest passenger-transport share.
Unfortunately, its role as a catalyst for economic development has received a setback due to significant under-investment by successive governments who preferred investment in road infrastructure at the cost of railways. Declining passenger numbers and financial losses in the late 1980s and early 1990s prompted the closure of many branch lines and small stations.
The 1990s saw steep cuts in and mismanagement in the company. Due to falling passenger numbers, government subsidies are necessary to keep the railways financially viable.
Main article: Pakistan Railways is a under the (MoR) of the, tasked and primarily responsible for planning, administrating, and establishing passenger rail service and regulating railway companies and industries. Pakistan Railways policy and development are administered by the ministry. From 1947 to 1959, the and were administered by the Railway Division of the, headed by the Director General of Railways (DG Railways) in the ministry.
In 1959, an ordinance was passed by outlining the need for a semi-autonomous railway board. The board was conceived in accordance with the principal powers of the central government as stipulated in the Railways Act IX of 1890. After the first session of the third, issued Presidential Order 33 on 9 June 1962. The order directed the transfer of control of both railways (PWR and PER) from the central government to the provincial governments of West Pakistan and East Pakistan, respectively. When PO 33 came into effect on 1 July 1962, railway boards were established by both provinces (repealing the Railway Board Ordinance of 1959). The presidential order also reinstated the separation convention whereby railway finances were separated from general finances beginning with fiscal year 1961-62, giving each board greater autonomy. In 1974, the Ministry of Railways was created to administer planning, policy-making, technical advice and management of the railway.
In 1982 the Ministry of Railways was merged with the Railway Board by a presidential order, resulting in the federal ministry. Railway Board The Railway Board, in existence from 1959 to 2000, was modified with an executive committee from 2000 and 2014. The Railway Board was reconstituted on 20 February 2015.
Pakistan Rail Fares
The Minister of Railways' Secretary is the chairman of the Railway Board, which consists of:. Secretary (Minister of Railways).
Secretary, Communications Division. Secretary, Finance Division. Secretary, Planning and Development Division. General Manager (Operations). General Manager (Manufacturing and Services). Member Finance, Ministry of Railways Units and divisions Pakistan Railways has three functional units: operations, manufacturing and welfare and special initiatives. The operations unit is divided into three main departments.
The Infrastructure Department oversees civil engineering, signaling, telecommunications, design and the directorate of property. The Mechanical Engineering Department oversees mechanical engineering, purchasing, stores and electrical engineering, and the Traffic Department oversees passenger facilities, operations, marketing and the directorate of information technology. Several smaller departments, including personnel, railway police, planning, legal affairs, public relations and the, are also part of the operations unit. The railway has seven territorial operating divisions: Karachi, Lahore, and. Rolling stock. Main article: The Pakistan Locomotive Factory was built in in 1993 at a cost of ₨228.4 million (US$2.2 million).
Pakistan Railways Carriage Factory in was established in 1970 with the technical collaboration of in Germany to manufacture passenger coaches. The factory's capacity is 150 coaches per year on a single-shift basis. The Moghalpura Railway Workshops, on the at (MGPR) in, are one of several rolling-stock repair sites.
The workshop complex emerged at its present site in 1904 to manufacture, repair and overhaul passenger coaches and freight wagons for the. After Pakistan's independence in 1947, it was the only state-of-the-art workshop for Pakistan Railways. The railway owns five factories in, Shahinabad and.
The first factory was established in Sukkur in 1967, and the other four factories were opened between 1979 and 1981. Network Lines. Tracks Pakistan Railways owns 11,881 kilometres (7,383 mi) of track. All are ( 5 ft 6 in) , except for some industrial lines. The broad-gauge track axle load limit is 22.86 tonnes, except for the (limit 17.78 tonnes) and (limit 17.27 tonnes). The maximum speed on most lines is 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph), but upgraded sections of the allow speeds up to 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph). Work is in progress to upgrade all to 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph).
Electrification The - line was electrified at, but electric service had ceased by 2011. The theft of was cited as a reason. Rail links with adjacent countries. Pakistan Railways is connected to the at, where a exists between the 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in) and the 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 1⁄ 2 in) – line. The link was completed on 18 May 2007. There is no rail link to, since Afghanistan does not have a railway network. Pakistan Railways has proposed to help build an Afghan rail network in three phases.
Phase one would stretch from the to as an extension of the. Phase two would extend the line from Spin Boldak to. Phase three would run from Kandahar to and, linking the 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in) with the ( 4 ft 11 27⁄ 32 in). It is unknown where the break-of-gauge station would be. Another proposal would extend the to via. via Afghanistan – Proposed, avoiding the intervening 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 1⁄ 2 in) gauge.
There is no present rail link with. On 28 February 2007, contracts were awarded for feasibility studies on the, extending it from via the to the Chinese at, a distance of about 750 kilometres (470 mi). The completion of the Pakistan-Iran link has made it possible, in principle, to run trains between Pakistan and Turkey via Iran.
A trial service was begun by Prime Minister between Islamabad and on 14 August 2009. The first train carried 20 with a capacity of about 750 (738; 827 ), and was scheduled to travel 6,500 km (4,000 mi) from Islamabad through to Istanbul. An - passenger rail service has also been proposed.
In 2009, Minister for Railways expressed the hope that after the container-train trial a passenger train would be introduced. There are also hopes that the route would link and and carry passengers. Two rail links to India exist: the from to and the from to. Service Passenger service Passenger traffic is 50 percent of total annual revenue; in 1999-2000, this amounted to ₨4.8 billion (US$46 million). Pakistan Railways carried 52.2 million passengers in 2016 and operates 28 mail, express and passenger trains.
The railway carries a daily average of 178,000 people, and provides special trains for, Eid ul Azha, Independence Day and. It set up a website during the early 2000s to provide travelers with up-to-date information about seat availability, departures and arrivals. Online ticket purchase was added to the website in 2016, with reservations confirmed. Wi-Fi service is included on the.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Passengers (millions) 72.8 81.4 83.8 79.9 82.5 74.9 64.9 41.0 41.9 47.6 48.5 50.9 52.2 Classes Pakistan Railways has several classes of travel. Depending on the route, some trains have one class. Fares for the classes vary, with unreserved seating the least expensive.
The following table lists the classes and codes: Class Code AC Sleeper ACSL AC Parlour PC AC Business ACLZ AC Standard ACL First Class Sleeper ISL Economy Class EC Second Class SEC Freight service Pakistan Railways was the predominant mode of freight transportation from coastal ports to the interior. At their peak, between 1955 and 1960, PR handled 73 percent of the country's freight traffic (compared to less than four percent in 2015). The Freight Business Unit operates over 200 freight stations, including the and, and several in Pakistan's four provinces.
With 12,000 employees, the unit generates revenue from the movement of agricultural, industrial and imported products such as and lubricants, wheat, coal, fertilizer, cement and sugar from the ports to the interior. Wikinews has related news: On 14 August 2009, Prime Minister launched a freight train between Islamabad and via.
The first train carried 20 with a capacity of 750 (738; 827 ), and made the 6,500 km (4,000 mi) trip from Islamabad to and Istanbul in two weeks. In 2015, freight carried by Pakistan Railways increased significantly to 3.3 million tons. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Freight carried (million tonnes) 1.75 0.40 0.42 1.09 3.30 4.77 Heritage In, a ( 610 mm) is operational. It was first opened in 1898, closed in 1998, and re-opened in 2010. Accidents.: Occurred on 4 January 1990 in the village of Sangi, near in. In Pakistan's worst rail disaster, 307 people were killed. The, on a 500-mile (800 km) overnight run from to, carried many more passengers in its 16 carriages than its 1,408-seat capacity.
The train was supposed to pass through the village of Sangi, but incorrectly-set sent it into a and it struck an empty 67-car freight train at a speed of at least 35 miles per hour (56 km/h).: In PR's worst accident in recent years, three passenger trains collided on 13 July 2005. Thirteen carriages derailed, and over 120 people were killed. The struck the rear of the while it was stopped at a station near, and the (travelling in the opposite direction) struck several of the derailed carriages. According to officials, the conductor of the Karachi Express misread a signal.
Wikinews has related news:. Super Parcel Express: On 21 August 2005, the upcountry Super Parcels Express derailed while crossing the Malir Bridge near Landhi in. Eight were seriously damaged when an axle broke due to overloading, and rail traffic was suspended for 24 hours; all trains were terminated and turned around.: The, from to, derailed near the town of in Sindh on 19 December 2007. At about 2:25 a.m.
Local time, fourteen of the train's sixteen carriages left the tracks; some were mangled by the crash, and others slid down an embankment into water. Sabotage and terrorism were ruled out as reasons for the derailment, with officials blaming faulty track.: On 2 July 2015, three carriages of a special train fell into a canal and another derailed near. Nineteen people were killed.: On 17 November 2015, the derailed at in. Twenty people were killed.: The collided with the (parked at the Landhi railway station) on 3 November 2016, killing 21 people. Future New lines New rail lines have been proposed by Pakistan Railways to connect to Central Asia, including:. (Makran Railway). Breaks of gauge.
In Pakistan: 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in)– 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 1⁄ 2 in) at. Outside Pakistan: 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in)– ( 4 ft 11 27⁄ 32 in) at, and 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in)– 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 1⁄ 2 in) at, Track-doubling project Over 1,409 kilometres (876 mi) of tracks have been doubled since the track-doubling project began in the 1990s.
Sections of the were first doubled, since it was the country's busiest and longest line. This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2018) China is involved in the development of Pakistan Railways, and has been increasing its stake in Pakistan's communications sector. Freight and passenger service make up 50 percent of the railway's total revenue. Pakistan Railways carries 65 million passengers annually and operates 228 mail, express and passenger trains daily. It introduced new mail and express trains between major terminals from 2003 to 2005.
The railway has entered developmental agreements with Chinese rail companies. In 2001, Pakistan Railways signed a $91.89 million contract with to manufacture 175 high-speed passenger coaches. The project was funded by on a supplier-credit basis. Forty passenger coaches have been received, and 105 were scheduled to be assembled in Pakistan Railways' carriage factory. The coaches are in use on Pakistan Railways' Rawalpindi-Lahore-Karachi, Lahore-Faisalabad and Rawalpindi-Quetta mail and express trains. The manufacturing kits for the remaining 30 coaches have been received, and 12 are assembled. The technology transfer for the coaches was obtained from China's Chang Chun Car Company.
Pakistan Railways purchased 69 locomotives, 15 of which are in use by the railway, as part of a 2003 agreement with China. The remaining 54 are scheduled to be built at Pakistan Railways' locomotive factory. The Chinese locomotives are 37 percent less expensive than European locomotives. Although some Pakistani observers have criticised faulty locomotives purchased by Pakistan Railways from of China, the railway decided to purchase 45 more 2,000-3,000-horsepower locomotives from Dongfang. The company is willing to redesign the 30 delivered locomotives, strengthening their and reducing their weight below 140 tons each. The Beijing Research and Design Institute is committed to provide 300 rail cars to Pakistan Railways.
According to a 2004 agreement with China National Machinery and Equipment Group, the Chinese company would begin the construction of Corridor 1 of a light-rail mass-transit system in Karachi which is intended to serve four million commuters. The project, costing about $568 million, would take four-and-a-half years to complete. The contract, awarded on a basis, consists of five corridors. Pakistan signed a series of agreements with China to expand the capability of its railway system. Under an agreement with, a Chinese company would provide 1,300 freight cars to Pakistan Railways; 420 would be manufactured in China, and the remaining 880 would be produced at the Moghalpura Railway Workshops in. In another project, 450 passenger coaches would be rehabilitated at an estimated cost of Rs2.14 billion.
This would include air-conditioning 40 coaches, converting 10 power vans and providing 100 high-speed bogies; 30 would be imported from China, and 70 would be manufactured domestically on a transfer-of-technology basis. In a separate agreement, 175 new passenger coaches are being purchased from China. As part of a $100 million agreement signed by Pakistan and China in November 2001, China is to export 69 locomotives to Pakistan to modernize the country's rail fleet. The new engines consume less fuel than older models, and cost less to maintain.
The first 15 engines would be manufactured in China, and the remainder would be assembled in Pakistan with Chinese parts and technology. For a Rs7.2 billion project laying 78,000 tons of rails, China delivered 64,000 tons to Pakistan Railways. Karakoram Railway Pakistan awarded a Rs72 million (US$1.2 million) contract to an international consortium to conduct a feasibility study for establishing a rail link with to improve trade between the countries. The study will cover a 750-kilometre (470 mi) section between and the 4,730-metre-high (15,520 ft) over and the. Havellian is already linked with the Pakistani rail network; China would lay about 350 kilometres (220 mi) of track in China from to the Khunjerab Pass, linking Pakistan with China's rail network (largely along the Karakoram Highway). By expanding its stake in Pakistan's rail sector, China can utilise the country's advantageous geographic position at the confluence of, and. During the first week of February 2007, Pakistan Railways and Dongfang Electric signed an agreement to establish a rail link between Havellian and Khunjerab.
The route from Havellian and Khunjerab will probably include tunnels. The pre-feasibility study was completed in July 2011. Gwadar link As part of the development plan for its transport and communications network, Pakistan Railways has completed a feasibility study of the Chaman-Kandahar section for laying track between Pakistan and Turkmenistan through Afghanistan. A feasibility study for cost, engineering and design for the construction of a rail link from Gwadar to the existing rail network in district in has been finalised.
The link to the port of will open underdeveloped areas of Balochistan to development. The chief aim of the venture is to connect the Central Asian republics with Pakistan Railways' network through Afghanistan. China will benefit from Gwadar's accessible international trade routes to the Central Asian republics and China's border region.
By extending its east-west railway from the Chinese border city of to in Pakistan's northwest, Beijing can trade freight to and from Gwadar along the shortest route (from Karachi to Peshawar). Pakistan's rail network could also supply oil from the to Xinjiang and give China rail access to Iran.
See also. References.